While company cars often come with tax implications, there are specific situations where the associated benefits may be exempt. There are circumstances where it can be possible to offer employees car benefits that are exempt from tax.
Exempt expenses and benefits include the following:
Proper documentation and compliance are required in order to maintain these exemptions.
The trivial benefits legislation provides a simple and practical tax exemption that allows employers to give small non-cash benefits to employees without triggering tax or National Insurance charges.
To qualify as a trivial benefit, the cost to the employer must not exceed £50 per item. The benefit must not be cash or a cash voucher and must not be provided as a reward for work or as part of the employee’s contractual entitlement. It must also not be provided in recognition of particular services performed. Typical examples include modest gifts such as flowers, a bottle of wine, a meal voucher or a small seasonal gift.
Where these conditions are met, the benefit is exempt from Income Tax, employer’s and employee’s National Insurance and does not need to be reported to HMRC.
For directors of close companies, an additional annual cap applies. Such individuals are limited to £300 of trivial benefits per tax year, calculated as an aggregate of qualifying items. This limit does not apply to ordinary employees.
The rules are designed to reduce administrative burdens and provide clarity, but care is needed. Regular provision of benefits, or benefits that appear linked to performance, can fall outside the exemption.
Used correctly, trivial benefits offer a straightforward way for businesses to reward staff in a tax-efficient and low-compliance manner.
Employees with company cars may be paying unnecessary tax on private fuel, when reimbursing the cost of private fuel in full can often remove the car fuel benefit charge altogether.
Where an employee is provided with a company car and fuel for private use, the default position is that the employee must pay the car fuel benefit charge. The amount of the charge is calculated based on the car’s CO2 emissions and applied to the car fuel benefit multiplier, which is currently £28,200 and is set to increase to £29,200 for the 2026–27 tax year.
Avoiding the car fuel benefit charge is possible if the employee reimburses their employer for all fuel used for private journeys, a process known as ‘making good’. Private fuel includes all fuel used for commuting to and from work. To do this, employees should keep a record of private mileage and repay their employer using the published advisory fuel rates. These rates are designed to reflect average fuel costs and are updated quarterly.
If properly documented, HMRC will accept that no car fuel benefit charge is due, meaning the employee avoids the income tax liability on the private fuel. In most cases, reimbursing the employer is far cheaper than paying the tax, especially for employees with relatively low private mileage.
The car fuel benefit charge will still apply if it cannot be demonstrated to HMRC that the employee has reimbursed the full cost of fuel used for private journeys, including commuting. To prevent this, employees must maintain a detailed log of private mileage and ensure they make good the cost of all fuel provided for private use.
As an employee, you pay tax on certain company benefits, such as cars, accommodation, and loans. Your employer calculates the tax you owe and deducts it through Pay As You Earn (PAYE). The amount of tax depends on the type and value of the benefit.
Some company benefits are tax-free, including childcare support and meals provided in canteens. Cash payments, however, are treated as earnings and are always subject to tax and National Insurance contributions.
Other taxable benefits you will pay tax on include the following:
Medical Insurance
You usually pay tax on the cost of the insurance premiums if your employer pays for your medical insurance. However, some health benefits are tax-free, including medical insurance while you are working abroad and annual check-ups.
Loans
You may have to pay tax on low-interest or interest-free loans from your employer if the loan is more than £10,000. The tax is calculated on the difference between the interest rate you pay and the official rate of interest set by the Bank of England. You could also be liable for tax if your employer lends money to one of your relatives.
Living Accommodation
If you (or one of your relatives) lives in accommodation provided by your employer, you may need to pay tax. The calculation depends on whether the accommodation costs are more than £75,000. You might not have to pay tax if the accommodation is provided so you can perform your job or do it more effectively, for example, agricultural workers living on farms.
There is a trivial benefit-in-kind (BiK) exemption that applies to small, non-cash gifts (such as a bottle of wine or a bouquet of flowers) that are occasionally given to employees.
This exemption enables employers to offer modest, tax-efficient rewards while simplifying the administration of BiKs. The BiK exemption allows businesses to recognise employees in a small way without creating additional reporting obligations or tax liabilities.
Trivial benefits are a simple and effective way to provide gestures of goodwill or recognition, as long as they are not given as a reward for work performed or duties carried out. Typical qualifying occasions include events such as a marriage, the birth of a child or other personal landmarks.
Employers also benefit since these trivial BiKs do not need to be included in PAYE settlement agreements or reported on P11D forms, and they are exempt from Class 1A National Insurance contributions.
The tax exemption applies to trivial BiKs where the benefit:
Trivial benefits provided through a salary sacrifice arrangement are not exempt from tax. In such cases, the employer must report them on form P11D, using the higher of the amount of salary the employee gave up, or the cost of the trivial benefit provided.
For directors or officeholders of close companies (and their families), there is an annual cap of £300 on trivial benefit gifts. The £50 limit still applies per gift but allows up to £300 of non-cash benefits per person each year. If any single gift exceeds £50, the full value becomes taxable.
The tax you pay on the use of a company car depends largely on its CO2 emissions, so choosing a lower emission or electric vehicle can make a significant difference to your overall tax cost.
The benefits in kind (BIK) tax on company cars can be quite significant, with taxable rates ranging from 3% to 37% of the car’s list price when new. The rate depends on various factors, primarily the car’s CO2 emissions and fuel type. For instance, a petrol fuelled car emitting 155 g/km of CO2 or more would be taxed at the highest rate of 37% of its original list price. In contrast, an electric car with a range of 130 miles or more could benefit from the lowest rate of just 3%, significantly reducing the taxable benefit.
This creates a strong incentive for those driving company cars to switch to electric vehicles, as they would experience a noticeable reduction in their tax liability. This shift not only benefits the employees but also employers, who will see a decrease in Class 1A National Insurance contributions. These contributions are based on the total value of benefits provided in a tax year, so switching to electric vehicles helps lower overall costs for the employer.
Diesel cars attract an additional 4% supplement if they do not meet the Real Driving Emissions 2 (RDE2) standard. However, the supplement is removed entirely for diesel vehicles that are RDE2 compliant. The maximum BIK rate, including any diesel supplement, remains capped at 37%.
The taxable benefit is typically calculated based on the car’s manufacturer’s list price, which includes VAT, delivery charges, and number plates. The price considered is the list price on the day before the car is first registered. Any additional accessories fitted to the car also increase the taxable value. There are some exceptions. Employees can also reduce the list price by up to £5,000 if they make a capital contribution towards the cost of the vehicle. Special rules apply to classic cars, which have their own method for calculating the list price.
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